Robert Fulton was born on a farm in Little
Britain, Pennsylvania, on November 14, 1765. He had at least three sisters –
Isabella, Elizabeth, and Mary, and a younger brother, Abraham. He then married
Harriet Livingston and had four children, Julia, Mary, Cornelia, and Robert.
His father, Robert, had been a close friend to the father of painter Benjamin
West, (1738-1820). Fulton later met West in England and they became friends.
He became caught up in the enthusiasm of
the "Canal Mania" and in 1793 began developing his ideas for tub-boat
canals with inclined planes instead of locks. He obtained a patent for this
idea in 1794 and also began working on ideas for the steam power of boats. He
published a pamphlet about canals and patented a dredging machine and several
other inventions. In 1794 he moved to Manchester to gain practical knowledge of
English canal engineering. Whilst there he became friendly with Robert Owen,
the cotton manufacturer and early socialist. Owen agreed to finance the
development and promotion of his designs for inclined planes and earth-digging
machines and was instrumental in introducing him to a canal company where he
was awarded a sub-contract. However, this practical experience was not a
success and he gave up the contract after a short time.
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